phylogenetic analysis<\/a> is causing some of these relationships to be restructured, and scientists often disagree. Also, the order these groups appear in is not meant to imply that one group is more "advanced" than another.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Marine Invertebrates<\/h1>\n
<\/p>\n
Porifera<\/h2>\n
Calcarea<\/p>\n
Sponges with calcium carbonate skeleton<\/p>\n
Hexactinellida<\/p>\n
Glass sponges, with silica spicules<\/p>\n
Demospongiae<\/p>\n
The majority of sponges are in Demospongiae, with silica spicules<\/p>\n
\nCnidaria<\/h2>\n Hydrozoa<\/h3>\n
Hydroids, hydrocorals, siphonophores, hydromedusas, portuguese man-o-war<\/p>\n
\n Scythozoa<\/h3>\n
True jellyfish<\/p>\n
\n Anthozoa<\/h3>\n
Anemones, sea pens, sea pansies. corals, sea fans<\/p>\n
\n Octocorallia<\/h3>\n
8-way symmetry; Octocorals, Soft corals, Gorgonians, Sea pens, Sea pansies<\/p>\n
\n Hexacorallia<\/h3>\n
6-way symmetry<\/p>\n
\n Ceriantharia<\/h3>\n
Tube anemones<\/p>\n
\n Actiniaria<\/h3>\n
Anemones<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Antipatharia<\/h3>\n
Black corals<\/p>\n
\n Corallimorpharia<\/h3>\n
Corynactis<\/p>\n
\n Scleractinia<\/h3>\n
Stony Corals (true corals), cup corals<\/p>\n
\n Zoanthidea<\/h3>\n
Zoanthid anemones<\/p>\n
\n Cubozoa<\/h3>\n
Box jellies<\/p>\n
\nCtenophora<\/h2>\n
Comb Jellies<\/p>\n
\nAnnelida<\/h2>\n\n Echiura<\/h3>\n
Spoon or Echiuran worms<\/p>\n
\n Hirudinea<\/h3>\n
Leeches<\/p>\n
\n Polychaetea<\/h3>\n
Polychaetes (sea mouse, christmas tree worm, featherduster worm, etc.)<\/p>\n
\nMollusca<\/h2>\n\n Bivalvia<\/h3>\n
Clams, Oysters, Mussels, Scallops<\/p>\n
\n Gastropoda<\/h3>\n
Snails, nudibranchs, abalone, limpets<\/p>\n
\n Cephalopoda<\/h3>\n
Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish<\/p>\n
\n Polyplacophora<\/h3>\n
Chitons<\/p>\n
\nPlatyhelminthes<\/h2>\n
Flatworms<\/p>\n
\nSipuncula<\/h2>\n
Peanut or Sipunculid worms<\/p>\n
\nNemertea<\/h2>\n
Ribbon worms<\/p>\n
\nArthropoda<\/h2>\n\n Crustacea<\/h3>\n
\n Maxillopoda<\/p>\n
Copepods, barnacles, branchiurans (sea lice, often on fish)<\/p>\n
\n Malacostraca<\/p>\n
Lobsters, shimp, caprellids, krill, amphipods, isopods, mysids<\/p>\n
\n Pycnogonida<\/p>\n
Sea spiders<\/p>\n
<\/h2>\nChaetognatha<\/h2>\n
Arrow worms (rarely seen, often small and planktonic)<\/p>\n
<\/h2>\n <\/h2>\nBrachiopoda<\/h2>\n
Brachiopods<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Bryozoa<\/h2>\n
Bryozoans<\/p>\n
\nPhoronida<\/h2>\n
Phoronids<\/p>\n
\nEchinodermata<\/h2>\n\n Echinoidea<\/h3>\n
Urchins<\/p>\n
\n Crinoidea<\/h3>\n
Feather stars<\/p>\n
\n Asteroidea<\/h3>\n
Starfish<\/p>\n
\n Ophiuroidea<\/h3>\n
Brittle stars<\/p>\n
\n Holothuroidea<\/h3>\n
Sea cucumbers<\/p>\n
<\/h1>\nHemicordata<\/h2>\n
Acorn worms (rarely seen, usually in burrows)<\/p>\n
\nChordata<\/h1>\n\nTunicata<\/h2>\n\n Ascidiacea<\/h3>\n
Sea Squirts (Ascidians), sessile tunicates<\/p>\n
\n Thalicea<\/h3>\n
Salps (pelagic tunicates)<\/p>\n
\n Vertebrata<\/h2>\n\n Agnatha<\/h3>\n
Hagfish & Lampreys<\/p>\n
\n Chondrichthyes<\/h3>\n
Sharks & Rays<\/p>\n
\n Osteichthyes<\/h3>\n
Bony Fish <\/p>\n
\n Anguilliformes<\/p>\n
True eels – Moray eel, Snake eel, Conger eel, Ribbon eel<\/p>\n
\n Clupeiformed<\/p>\n
Herrings, anchovies<\/p>\n
\n Gadiformes<\/p>\n
Cods<\/p>\n
\n Aulopiformes<\/p>\n
Lizardfish<\/p>\n
\n Ophidiiformes<\/p>\n
Cusk eels, pearlfish, brotulas<\/p>\n
\n Atheriniformes<\/p>\n
Silversides; Topsmelt, jacksmelt<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Lophiiformes<\/p>\n
Frogfish, Angelfish<\/p>\n
\n Gobiesociformes<\/p>\n
Clingfishes<\/p>\n
\n Syngnathiformes<\/p>\n
Pipefish, sea horses<\/p>\n
\n Pleuronectiformes<\/p>\n
Flatfish<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Tetraodontiformes<\/p>\n
Filefish, Pufferfish, Triggerfish, Boxfish, Mola mola<\/p>\n
\n Scorpaeniformes<\/p>\n
Scorpionfish, rockfish, lionfish, sculpins, poachers, greenlings, lingcod, combfish<\/p>\n
\n Perciformes<\/p>\n
Most other fish; bass, gobies, mackeral, perches, wrasses, wolf-eels, barracudas, drums, angelfish, ronquils, surfperches, kelpfish, butterfly fish, blennies, basslets, cardinalfish, groupers and more<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Reptilia<\/h3>\n
Marine iguanas & turtles, crocodiles, sea snakes<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/h3>\n Aves<\/h3>\n
Pelicans, Cormorants, Penguins, Albatross, Gannets, Puffins<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Mammalia<\/h3>\n
Dolphins, Whales, Sea Lions, Seals, Sea Otters, Manatees, Dugongs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17475,"parent":17474,"menu_order":-13,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":""},"vocabulary_11":[],"vocabulary_3":[],"vocabulary_5":[],"vocabulary_9":[],"vocabulary_6":[],"vocabulary_10":[],"vocabulary_13":[],"vocabulary_16":[],"vocabulary_4":[],"vocabulary_14":[],"vocabulary_15":[],"vocabulary_7":[],"vocabulary_1":[],"vocabulary_12":[],"vocabulary_2":[],"vocabulary_17":[],"vocabulary_18":[],"vocabulary_8":[],"class_list":["post-17476","book","type-book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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