{"id":16918,"date":"2009-02-27T01:46:22","date_gmt":"2009-02-27T01:46:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uwphoto.onpressidium.com\/book\/underwater-photography-intermediate-composition\/"},"modified":"2025-08-15T06:57:11","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T06:57:11","slug":"underwater-photography-intermediate-composition","status":"publish","type":"book","link":"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/book\/underwater-photography-guide\/underwater-photography-composition\/underwater-photography-intermediate-composition\/","title":{"rendered":"Intermediate Composition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The &#8220;Rules&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In the previous article, we outlined the most common <a href=\"\/underwater-photography-composition-beginners\" target=\"_blank\">underwater composition mistakes<\/a> beginners make. Now, let&#8217;s look at some underwater composition rules.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>1)&nbsp;Rule of Thirds<\/h2>\n<p>The rule of thirds says that if a photo is divided up into &#8220;thirds&#8221; by lines, the key elements of the composition should be placed near the intersection of the lines.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Using the rule of thirds helps give a photo a sense of balance. This rule is often broken, especially with extreme close up shots, but it is still useful for many compositions. If you are having trouble getting good compositions, use the rule of thirds to help your compositions achieve balance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As your experience progresses, you will not need to think about \u201crules\u201d, but use your own intuition for what makes a good design. Many excellent images do not follow the rule of thirds, so don\u2019t be afraid to go against the rule.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16908\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484714362_HD6Gd-L.jpg\" alt=\"rule of thirds composition\" align=\"top\" width=\"500\" height=\"416\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484714362_HD6Gd-L.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484714362_HD6Gd-L-300x250.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">In this photo, the white lines divides the photo up into thirds. The rule of 3rds states that the key part of the main subject, in this case the eyes, should be places near one of the four intersections. This photo follows the rule perfectly. Photo by Mike Bartick.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"MAC\"><\/a>2)&nbsp;Wide-Angle Composition Basics<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Try for a strong foreground and a strong background<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Shooting the foreground &#8211; get close, shoot up, light properly. Try to get within 2ft of the foreground subject. Use as wide a lens as possible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Choosing the background &#8211; wait for a <a href=\"\/photographing-schools-of-fish\">school of fish<\/a>, have a diver swim by, or have a colorful reef, <a href=\"\/giant-kelp-forests\">kelp forest<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/wreck-photography-underwater\">wreck<\/a> in the background.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16909\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/364102343_LUTpN-S.jpg\" align=\"top\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/364102343_LUTpN-S.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/364102343_LUTpN-S-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">This cabezon has the oil rigs silhouetted in the background.<\/div>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>See the section on <a href=\"underwater-photography-close-focus-wide-angle-cfwa\">close-focus wide angle<\/a> for more details and examples.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<h2>3)&nbsp;Macro Composition<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Shooting low, keep the subject in-focus subject, and have a colored, black, or camouflaged background.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The foreground should be sharp<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Having proper separation between the foreground and background, via depth of field or color, will make the difference between a good photo and an excellent photo. Having a black or blue background is an excellent way to isolate your subject.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Keep the shot as simple as possible, without distractions in the photo. A distracting background can ruin a macro image.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16910\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/472254557_sXExG-M.jpg\" alt=\"Phyllodesmium rudmani\" align=\"top\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/472254557_sXExG-M.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/472254557_sXExG-M-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This macro photo is simple, and is shot from down low, not from above. An out of focus background allows the viewer to concentrate on the subject, a Xenia soft coral mimic nudibranch, while still maintaining a sense that it lives on a reef, which is lost in the more artistic black background composition.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16911\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479408902_od7Yf-M.jpg\" align=\"top\" width=\"453\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479408902_od7Yf-M.jpg 453w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479408902_od7Yf-M-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479408902_od7Yf-M-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479408902_od7Yf-M-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">A straight-forward macro composition. Sharp, clear subject, colorful.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16912\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/212703166_bgf72-M.jpg\" align=\"top\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"563\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/212703166_bgf72-M.jpg 563w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/212703166_bgf72-M-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">A &#8220;classic&#8221; macro shop. Colorful, sharp, in focus, eyes in focus, it&#8217;s clear what the subject is, and it is almost filling the frame. Taken in <a href=\"\/bali-diving-report\" target=\"_blank\">Bali<\/a>, Nikon 80, 105mm VR lens. F14, ISO&nbsp;200, 1\/160th<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2><a name=\"SUP\"><\/a>4)&nbsp;Supermacro Composition Underwater<\/h2>\n<p>There are 3 compositions for super macro shots that I&#8217;d like to highlight here:<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>#1 &#8211; Since the depth of field will be very small in a super macro shot, try to<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> align the focal plane of your camera with the key areas of the subject<\/span>. These could be the eyes, the eyes and the rhinophores, the eyes and the mouth, etc. Or it could be the entire side of the subject.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"299\" height=\"450\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16913 size-full wp-image-16914\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479402072_xQe8n-M.jpg\" align=\"top\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479402072_xQe8n-M.jpg 299w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/479402072_xQe8n-M-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 299px) 100vw, 299px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I&nbsp;tried to shoot with this crab parallel to my focus plane, to get it all in focus. F13, 1\/250th, ISO 200<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<p>#2 &#8211; Straight on facing the subject,&nbsp; getting low<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/4271-flamboyant-cuttlefish-M.jpg\" alt=\"underwater photography composition\" align=\"top\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"299\" height=\"450\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Flamboyant cuttlefish from <a href=\"\/anilao-diving\" target=\"_blank\">Anilao<\/a>, F11, 1\/200th, ISO 400.&nbsp; Here&#8217;s a great article on <a href=\"\/face-on-underwater-composition\">&#8220;face-on&#8221; macro underwater composition<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>#3 &#8211; Align the subject at an angle to the focal plane. The key part of the subject must be in focus. The rest will be thrown out of focus, resulting in a dramatic photo. Many attempts sometimes must be made to find one that results in a pleasing blurring of the out-of-focus area of the subject.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16915\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484685270_p7Rz8-M.jpg\" align=\"top\" style=\"display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" width=\"600\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484685270_p7Rz8-M.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/484685270_p7Rz8-M-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Tiny nudibranch, carefully composed. The front is in fous, and the rear slowly goes out of focus. Photo by Kevin Lee.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Supermacro shots are sometimes centered and ignore the rule of 3rds. See what works best for your photograph.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>5) Shoot in Portrait<\/h2>\n<p>You should shoot in portrait as much as you can. An ultra-light pivot tray can be used to keep strobes in the same position while you turn your body. Try to get both eyes visible in the photos and in focus. Magazine covers are always shot in portrait.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16916\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/425134080_r2Wvz-S.jpg\" align=\"top\" width=\"199\" height=\"299\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The walls of a reef are a great place to start taking portrait shots.<\/p>\n<p> &nbsp; <\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>6)&nbsp;Use the Viewfinder to Compose<\/h2>\n<p>Look through your viewfinder and adjust your position to get the composition you want, pay attention to distractions on the edge of the viewfinder.<\/p>\n<div>&nbsp;<\/div>\n<h2>7) Examine Edges for Distractions<\/h2>\n<p>Recompose if necessary.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>8) Cropping your Photo<\/h2>\n<p>Use as a tool, not as a crutch. Try to get it right &#8220;in camera&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>9) Choose your Background Wisely<\/h2>\n<p>Reposition if needed. Use the right lens for the desired effect. A longer focal length will isolate the background; a shorter focal length will show more of the background. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/book\/underwater-photography-guide\/underwater-photography-composition\/underwater-photography-lens-choices-and-composition\/\">Read about the effect of lenses on composition<\/a> Use <a href=\"underwater-photography-aperture#DOF\">depth of field selectively<\/a> as necessary.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-16917\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/444887437_xiGFf-S.jpg\" align=\"top\" width=\"399\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/444887437_xiGFf-S.jpg 399w, https:\/\/www.uwphotographyguide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/02\/444887437_xiGFf-S-300x210.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">I passed over many gobies before finding one on a red sponge. Only one approach led to this composition, and I&nbsp;kept creeping forward while taking shots.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Next article: <a href=\"\/underwater-photography-more-composition-ideas\">More underwater composition ideas<\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Further Reading<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><a href=\"\/supermacro-underwater-photography\">Super macro underwater photography &#8211; teleconverters and diopters<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><a href=\"\/wide-angle-photography\">Wide-angle underwater photography<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><a href=\"\/underwater-photography-more-composition-ideas\">Composition ideas for underwater photos<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h3><a href=\"\/artistic-underwater-macro\">Tips for Artistic Macro Photography<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16907,"parent":16813,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":""},"vocabulary_11":[],"vocabulary_3":[],"vocabulary_5":[],"vocabulary_9":[],"vocabulary_6":[],"vocabulary_10":[],"vocabulary_13":[],"vocabulary_16":[],"vocabulary_4":[],"vocabulary_14":[],"vocabulary_15":[],"vocabulary_7":[],"vocabulary_1":[],"vocabulary_12":[],"vocabulary_2":[],"vocabulary_17":[],"vocabulary_18":[],"vocabulary_8":[],"class_list":["post-16918","book","type-book","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Intermediate Composition - Underwater Photography 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